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Just an idea who of One Piece used to be a real pirate.

Black Beard = Edward Teach
Blackbeard was a notorious English pirate who had a short reign of terror in the Caribbean Sea between 1716 and 1718. Born in Bristol, his name was given to him because of his thick, long and scruffy black beard (another reference claimed he failed to grow it to a great length, however it came up to his eyes across his face). He was also said to be incredibly cruel to his own crew, more so than the people he held captive. His career as a pirate was made famous by the book A general history of the robberies & murders of the most notorious Pirates, which contained detailed accounts of his actions at sea.

Bellamy = "Black Sam" Bellamy
Samuel Bellamy (c. February 23, 1689–April 27, 1717), aka "Black Sam" Bellamy, was a formidable pirate in the early eighteenth century. Though his known career as a pirate captain lasted little more than a year, Bellamy and his crew captured more than 50 ships before his death at age 28. Called "Black Sam" in Cape Cod folklore because he eschewed the fashionable powdered wig in favor of tying back his long black hair with a simple band, Bellamy became known for his mercy and generosity toward those he captured on his raids. This reputation gained him the second nickname of the "Prince of Pirates," and his crew called themselves "Robin Hood's Men."

Bon Clay = Stede Bonnet?? (not sure)
Stede Bonnet (c. 1688[1] – December 10, 1718[2])[3] was an early 18th-century Barbadian pirate, sometimes called "the gentleman pirate"[4] because he was a moderately wealthy landowner before turning to a life of crime. Bonnet was born into a wealthy English family on the island of Barbados, and inherited the family estate after his father's death in 1694. In 1709, he married Mary Allamby, and engaged in some level of militia service. Because of marital problems, and despite his lack of sailing experience, Bonnet decided to turn to piracy in the summer of 1717. He bought a sailing vessel, named it Revenge, and traveled with his paid crew along the Eastern Seaboard of what is now the United States, capturing other vessels and burning other Barbadian ships.

Kidd = William "Captain" Kidd
William "Captain" Kidd (c. 1645 – May 23, 1701)[1] was a Scottish sailor remembered for his trial and execution for piracy after returning from a voyage to the Indian Ocean. Some modern historians deem his piratical reputation unjust, as there is evidence that Kidd acted only as a privateer. Kidd's fame springs largely from the sensational circumstances of his questioning before the English Parliament and the ensuing trial. His actual depredations on the high seas, whether piratical or not, were both less destructive and less lucrative than those of many other contemporary pirates and privateers.

Law = Edward Low
Captain Edward "Ned" Low, also Lowe or Loe, (c. 1690 – c. 1724) was a notorious English pirate during the latter days of the Golden Age of Piracy, in the early 18th century. He was born around 1690 into poverty in Westminster, London, and was a thief and a scoundrel from a young age. Low moved to Boston, Massachusetts, as a young man. His wife died in childbirth in late 1719. Two years later, he became a pirate, operating off the coasts of New England and the Azores, and in the Caribbean.

Bartholomew Kuma = Bartholomew Roberts
Bartholomew Roberts (born John Roberts, 17 May 1682 – 10 February 1722) was a Welsh pirate who raided shipping off the Americas and West Africa between 1719 and 1722. He was the most successful pirate of the Golden Age of Piracy, capturing far more ships than some of the best-known pirates of this era such as Blackbeard or Captain Kidd.[1] He is estimated to have captured over 470 vessels.[2] He is also known as Black Bart (Welsh: Barti Ddu), but this name was never used in his lifetime,[3] and also risks confusion with Black Bart of the American West.

Captain Axe-Hand Morgan = Henry Morgan
Admiral Sir Henry Morgan (Harri Morgan in Welsh), (ca. 1635 – 25 August 1688) was a Welsh privateer, who made a name in the Caribbean. He was one of the most notorious and successful privateers from Wales, and one of the most dangerous pirates who worked in the Spanish Main.

This is just a sum up.
Do you guys know any more references? Post them :P